⭐ English Exam Success : English Grammar & Vocabulary Quick Reference Shortcut Grammar, Cheat Sheets, Must-Know Vocabulary & Practice Tests

English Grammar & Vocabulary Quick Reference

Shortcut Grammar, Cheat Sheets, Must-Know Vocabulary & Practice Tests

Compiled by
LSE Alumnus

Preface

Learning English is a lifelong journey, and a solid foundation in grammar and vocabulary is essential for success in academic studies, professional careers, and international communication. Whether you are preparing for school examinations, university entrance tests, standardized English proficiency tests such as TOEIC, TOEFL, IELTS, CU-TEP, TU-GET, or simply aiming to improve your everyday English, mastering the fundamentals will give you greater confidence and accuracy.

This book, English Grammar & Vocabulary Quick Reference, has been carefully compiled as a practical and concise study guide. Rather than presenting lengthy explanations, it focuses on the grammar rules and vocabulary that learners use most frequently and that commonly appear in examinations. The content is organized in a clear and systematic manner, making it suitable for both self-study and classroom review.

The book is divided into four main parts:

Part 1: Shortcut Grammar – A concise review of the Eight Parts of Speech, the Twelve English Tenses, and Subject–Verb Agreement, accompanied by simple explanations and practical examples.
Part 2: Cheat Sheets – Quick-reference tables featuring commonly tested connectors, grammar patterns, prepositions, modal verbs, and other essential language structures.
Part 3: Must-Know Vocabulary – A carefully selected collection of high-frequency English words, synonyms, antonyms, and commonly confused words to strengthen vocabulary and improve reading comprehension.
Part 4: Mini Quiz – Practice exercises with detailed answer explanations, enabling learners to assess their understanding and reinforce key concepts.

The purpose of this book is not only to help readers memorize grammar rules and vocabulary but also to encourage them to understand how English is used in real communication. By studying consistently and applying the language in everyday situations, learners will gradually develop greater fluency and confidence.

It is my sincere hope that this book will serve as a reliable companion for students, teachers, self-learners, and anyone seeking to improve their English proficiency. May it help readers build a strong linguistic foundation, achieve their academic and professional goals, and enjoy the lifelong process of learning English.

I would like to express my gratitude to all teachers, mentors, authors, and language experts whose knowledge and dedication have inspired the preparation of this book. Any remaining errors or omissions are entirely my own, and constructive comments for future editions are always welcome.

I wish every reader success in learning English and in all future endeavors.

Compiled by
LSE Alumnus

Table of Contents

Part 1: Shortcut Grammar

Parts of Speech
12 Tenses
Subject–Verb Agreement

Part 2: Cheat Sheet

Connectors และสูตรลัดที่ออกสอบบ่อย

Part 3: Must-Know Vocabulary

Synonyms
Antonyms

Part 4: Mini Quiz

แบบฝึกหัดตัวอย่าง
Answer Key พร้อมคำอธิบาย

Part 1: Shortcut Grammar

Master Essential English Grammar Quickly

This section provides a concise review of the most important grammar topics tested in English examinations. Study these rules carefully and use them as a quick reference before taking any test.

Chapter 1: Parts of Speech

The Eight Parts of Speech

Every English sentence is made up of words that perform different functions. These functions are called Parts of Speech.

1. Noun

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples

Noun	Meaning
teacher	a person
Bangkok	a place
computer	a thing
happiness	an idea

Example Sentences

The teacher is kind.
Bangkok is a beautiful city.
My computer is new.
Happiness is important.

2. Pronoun

A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.

Subject	Object
I	me
You	you
He	him
She	her
It	it
We	us
They	them

Examples

John is my friend.
→ He is my friend.

Lisa loves her dog.
→ She loves it.

3. Verb

A verb expresses an action or a state.

Action Verbs

run
write
eat
play
study

State Verbs

be
know
love
believe
understand

Examples

She writes every day.
They play football.
I know the answer.

4. Adjective

An adjective describes a noun.

Examples

beautiful flower
tall building
interesting book
delicious food

Example

The beautiful girl is singing.

5. Adverb

An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Many adverbs end in -ly.

Examples:

quickly
slowly
carefully
happily

Example

She speaks fluently.

6. Preposition

A preposition shows the relationship between words.

Common prepositions

in
on
at
under
behind
between
near
beside

Examples

The cat is under the table.

The meeting starts at 9 a.m.

7. Conjunction

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Common conjunctions

and
but
or
because
although
while
since

Examples

I like tea and coffee.

She stayed home because she was sick.

8. Interjection

An interjection expresses emotion.

Examples

Wow!
Oh!
Ouch!
Great!
Excellent!

Example

Wow! That was amazing.

Quick Summary

Part of Speech	Function
Noun	names a person, place, thing, or idea
Pronoun	replaces a noun
Verb	shows action or state
Adjective	describes a noun
Adverb	describes verbs or adjectives
Preposition	shows relationship
Conjunction	connects words or clauses
Interjection	expresses emotion

Chapter 2: The 12 English Tenses

English has 12 basic tenses, grouped into Present, Past, and Future.

PRESENT TENSES

1. Present Simple

Formula

Subject + V1(s/es)

Use

Facts
Habits
Daily routines

Examples

I study English every day.

She works in a hospital.

2. Present Continuous

Formula

Subject + am/is/are + V-ing

Use

Actions happening now.

Example

They are watching TV.

3. Present Perfect

Formula

Subject + has/have + V3

Use

Experience or unfinished actions.

Examples

I have visited Japan.

She has finished her homework.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Subject + has/have been + V-ing

Example

I have been studying for three hours.

PAST TENSES

5. Past Simple

Subject + V2

Example

She visited Chiang Mai last year.

6. Past Continuous

Subject + was/were + V-ing

Example

They were playing football.

7. Past Perfect

Subject + had + V3

Example

He had left before I arrived.

8. Past Perfect Continuous

Subject + had been + V-ing

Example

She had been working all day.

FUTURE TENSES

9. Future Simple

Subject + will + V1

Example

I will help you.

10. Future Continuous

Subject + will be + V-ing

Example

They will be traveling tomorrow.

11. Future Perfect

Subject + will have + V3

Example

She will have finished the report.

12. Future Perfect Continuous

Subject + will have been + V-ing

Example

By next year, I will have been teaching for ten years.

12 Tenses Cheat Sheet

Tense	Formula
Present Simple	S + V1(s/es)
Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + V-ing
Present Perfect	S + has/have + V3
Present Perfect Continuous	S + has/have been + V-ing
Past Simple	S + V2
Past Continuous	S + was/were + V-ing
Past Perfect	S + had + V3
Past Perfect Continuous	S + had been + V-ing
Future Simple	S + will + V1
Future Continuous	S + will be + V-ing
Future Perfect	S + will have + V3
Future Perfect Continuous	S + will have been + V-ing

Chapter 3: Subject–Verb Agreement

Subject–Verb Agreement means the verb must match the subject in number (singular or plural).

Rule 1

Singular subject → Singular verb

Plural subject → Plural verb

Examples

✔ He works every day.

✔ They work every day.

Rule 2

Two subjects joined by and take a plural verb.

Tom and Jerry are friends.

Rule 3

Either...or / Neither...nor

The verb agrees with the subject nearest to it.

Either my brother or my parents are coming.

Either my parents or my brother is coming.

Rule 4

Indefinite Pronouns

Always singular:

everyone
everybody
someone
anyone
nobody
each
every

Examples

Everyone is happy.

Each student has a book.

Rule 5

Collective Nouns

Usually singular.

The team is winning.

The family lives in Bangkok.

Rule 6

Amounts of Money and Time

Considered singular.

Ten dollars is enough.

Five years is a long time.

Rule 7

Titles of Books or Movies

Always singular.

"Harry Potter" is popular.

Common Errors

❌ He go to school.

✔ He goes to school.

❌ They studies English.

✔ They study English.

❌ Everyone have a ticket.

✔ Everyone has a ticket.

❌ The news are good.

✔ The news is good.

Grammar Tips for Exams

Identify the subject before choosing the verb.
Watch for third-person singular verbs in the Present Simple.
Learn the signal words for each tense (e.g., always, now, already, yesterday, tomorrow).
Memorize the 12 tense formulas and practice writing one example sentence for each.
Be careful with indefinite pronouns (everyone, somebody, each)—they usually take singular verbs.
Read the entire sentence before answering grammar questions, especially when subjects are separated from verbs by phrases.

Study Tip: Mastering these three topics—Parts of Speech, 12 Tenses, and Subject–Verb Agreement—will significantly improve your accuracy in grammar questions commonly found in school exams, university entrance tests, TOEIC, IELTS, TOEFL, and many competitive examinations.

Part 2: Cheat Sheet

Connectors & Grammar Cheat Sheet

High-Frequency Connectors and Exam Shortcuts

This chapter summarizes the most frequently tested English connectors and grammar patterns. Mastering these expressions will help you improve your writing, reading comprehension, and multiple-choice test performance.

Chapter 1: What Are Connectors?

Connectors (also called linking words or transition words) are words or phrases that connect ideas, sentences, or paragraphs. They improve coherence and make your writing more logical.

Example

Without connectors:

I was tired. I finished my homework.

With connectors:

Although I was tired, I finished my homework.

Chapter 2: Connectors by Function

1. Addition (Adding Information)

These connectors add similar ideas.

Connector	Meaning
and	และ
also	อีกด้วย
besides	นอกจากนี้
moreover	ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น
furthermore	นอกจากนี้
in addition	นอกจากนี้
as well as	รวมทั้ง
not only...but also	ไม่เพียงแต่...แต่ยัง

Examples

She speaks English and Chinese.

The hotel is comfortable. Moreover, it is inexpensive.

He is not only smart but also hardworking.

Shortcut

Moreover / Furthermore / In addition

= ใช้ขึ้นต้นประโยคใหม่

Example

The book is interesting.

Furthermore, it is easy to understand.

2. Contrast (Showing Opposite Ideas)

Connector	Meaning
but	แต่
however	อย่างไรก็ตาม
although	แม้ว่า
though	แม้ว่า
even though	ถึงแม้ว่า
whereas	ในขณะที่
while	ในขณะที่
nevertheless	อย่างไรก็ตาม
nonetheless	ถึงกระนั้น

Examples

She is rich, but she is unhappy.

Although it was raining, we went out.

I studied hard. However, I failed.

Exam Tip

Although + Subject + Verb,

Subject + Verb

Example

Although he was tired,

he continued working.

3. Cause (Reason)

Connector	Meaning
because	เพราะว่า
since	เนื่องจาก
as	เพราะว่า
owing to	เนื่องจาก
due to	เนื่องจาก

Examples

She stayed home because she was sick.

The game was canceled due to heavy rain.

Shortcut

Because + Clause

Because he was sick...

Due to + Noun

Due to illness...

4. Effect (Result)

Connector	Meaning
therefore	ดังนั้น
thus	ดังนั้น
consequently	เป็นผลให้
hence	ดังนั้น
as a result	ผลก็คือ

Examples

It rained heavily.

Therefore, the match was canceled.

He worked hard.

As a result, he passed the exam.

5. Purpose (Goal)

Connector	Meaning
so that	เพื่อว่า
in order to	เพื่อ
so as to	เพื่อ

Examples

I study hard so that I can pass.

She exercises in order to stay healthy.

Shortcut

So that + Clause

In order to + Verb

6. Condition

Connector	Meaning
if	ถ้า
unless	ถ้าไม่
provided that	ถ้าหากว่า
as long as	ตราบเท่าที่

Examples

If it rains, we will stay home.

Unless you study, you will fail.

Shortcut

Unless

= If...not

Unless you hurry,

= If you do not hurry

7. Time

Connector	Meaning
before	ก่อน
after	หลังจาก
while	ขณะที่
when	เมื่อ
until	จนกระทั่ง
as soon as	ทันทีที่
once	เมื่อ

Examples

Call me when you arrive.

I'll wait until you finish.

8. Comparison

Connector	Meaning
like	เหมือน
as	เช่นเดียวกับ
similarly	ในทำนองเดียวกัน
likewise	เช่นเดียวกัน

Example

She sings like a professional.

9. Example

Connector	Meaning
for example	ตัวอย่างเช่น
for instance	ตัวอย่างเช่น
such as	เช่น

Example

Many countries,

such as Japan and Korea,

have excellent transportation.

10. Sequence

Useful for essays and presentations.

Connector	Meaning
first	อันดับแรก
second	ประการที่สอง
next	ต่อไป
then	จากนั้น
after that	หลังจากนั้น
finally	สุดท้าย

Chapter 3: Grammar Cheat Sheet

Common Prepositions

Time	Place
at	at
on	on
in	in

Time

at 6 o'clock

at noon

at midnight

on Monday

on Christmas Day

on July 10

in May

in 2026

in the morning

Articles

One of many

a teacher

a book

Before vowel sounds

an apple

an umbrella

an hour

The

Specific things

the sun

the moon

the internet

Modal Verbs

Modal	Meaning
can	ability
could	past ability
may	possibility
might	possibility
must	obligation
should	advice
ought to	advice
will	future
would	polite/request

Examples

You should study every day.

You must wear a seat belt.

Question Words

Word	Usage
Who	Person
What	Thing
Where	Place
When	Time
Why	Reason
Which	Choice
Whose	Possession
How	Method

Commonly Confused Words

Word	Meaning
affect	influence (verb)
effect	result (noun)
advice	noun
advise	verb
accept	receive
except	excluding
borrow	receive temporarily
lend	give temporarily
fewer	countable nouns
less	uncountable nouns

Chapter 4: High-Frequency Grammar Patterns

Used to

Past habit

I used to play football.

Be used to

Accustomed to

I am used to waking up early.

Look Forward to

Always followed by Verb-ing

I look forward to meeting you.

Prefer

Prefer A to B

I prefer coffee to tea.

Would Rather

Would rather + Verb 1

I'd rather stay home.

Too...to

Too + adjective + to + Verb

The box is too heavy to lift.

Enough...to

Adjective + enough + to + Verb

She is old enough to drive.

So...that

So + adjective + that + clause

He was so tired that he fell asleep.

Such...that

Such + noun + that + clause

It was such a beautiful day that we went hiking.

Either / Neither

Either...or

Neither...nor

Example

Either Tom or Jerry is coming.

Neither the teacher nor the students were late.

Chapter 5: Exam Shortcuts

Shortcut 1

Because + Clause
Because of / Due to + Noun

✔ Because she was late...
✔ Because of the traffic...

Shortcut 2

Despite / In spite of + Noun or Verb-ing

✔ Despite the rain...
✔ In spite of working hard...

❌ Despite he was sick.

Shortcut 3

Although + Clause

✔ Although she was tired...

❌ Although being tired...

Shortcut 4

So + Adjective
Such + (Adjective) + Noun

✔ She is so kind.
✔ She is such a kind person.

Shortcut 5

Remember the Pattern

Interested in + Verb-ing
Good at + Verb-ing
Afraid of + Verb-ing
Look forward to + Verb-ing
Be used to + Verb-ing

Examples:

I'm interested in learning English.
She is good at drawing.
We look forward to seeing you.

One-Page Exam Cheat Sheet

Function	Common Connectors
Addition	and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition
Contrast	but, however, although, though, nevertheless
Cause	because, since, as, due to
Effect	therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
Purpose	so that, in order to, so as to
Condition	if, unless, provided that
Time	before, after, while, when, until
Example	for example, for instance, such as
Sequence	first, next, then, finally
Comparison	like, as, similarly, likewise

Exam Tip: In English proficiency tests such as TOEIC, IELTS, TOEFL, and many university entrance examinations, questions on connectors often assess your ability to recognize logical relationships between ideas. Before selecting an answer, identify whether the sentence expresses addition, contrast, cause, result, purpose, condition, time, comparison, or example. This strategy will help you choose the most appropriate connector quickly and accurately.

Part 3: Must-Know Vocabulary

Essential English Vocabulary for Exams

Synonyms & Antonyms You Must Know

A strong vocabulary is one of the keys to success in English examinations such as TOEIC, TOEFL, IELTS, SAT, CU-TEP, TU-GET, and many competitive examinations. Learning synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (words with opposite meanings) improves reading comprehension, writing, and speaking skills.

Chapter 1: What Are Synonyms?

Synonyms are words that have the same or nearly the same meaning.

Example

Happy = Glad

Big = Large

Begin = Start

Using synonyms helps you avoid repetition and makes your English sound more natural.

Chapter 2: High-Frequency Synonyms

Word	Synonym
abandon	leave
ability	skill
accept	receive
accurate	correct
achieve	accomplish
active	energetic
admit	confess
advantage	benefit
afraid	scared
allow	permit

Word	Synonym
beautiful	attractive
begin	start
believe	trust
brave	courageous
bright	intelligent
busy	occupied
buy	purchase

Word	Synonym
calm	peaceful
careful	cautious
choose	select
clean	tidy
clever	smart
close	shut
cold	chilly
correct	right

Word	Synonym
dangerous	risky
decide	determine
difficult	hard
discover	find
divide	separate

Word	Synonym
easy	simple
end	finish
enjoy	like
error	mistake
excellent	outstanding

Word	Synonym
fair	just
famous	well-known
fast	quick
fix	repair
friendly	kind
funny	humorous

Word	Synonym
gain	obtain
gift	present
glad	happy
great	excellent
guide	direct

Word	Synonym
hard	difficult
healthy	fit
help	assist
honest	truthful
huge	enormous

Word	Synonym
idea	thought
important	significant
improve	enhance
intelligent	smart
interesting	fascinating

Word	Synonym
large	big
lazy	idle
leave	depart
little	small
lucky	fortunate

Word	Synonym
make	create
modern	contemporary
mistake	error
move	shift

Word	Synonym
near	close
necessary	essential
nice	pleasant
noisy	loud

Word	Synonym
old	ancient
open	unlock
ordinary	common

Word	Synonym
peaceful	calm
perfect	flawless
poor	needy
possible	feasible
pretty	beautiful

Word	Synonym
quick	rapid
quiet	silent

Word	Synonym
rich	wealthy
right	correct
rise	increase
rude	impolite

Word	Synonym
safe	secure
sad	unhappy
show	display
silent	quiet
small	little
smart	clever
strong	powerful
succeed	achieve

Word	Synonym
tell	inform
think	believe
tired	exhausted
true	correct

U–Z

Word	Synonym
useful	helpful
usually	normally
valuable	precious
very	extremely
weak	fragile
win	succeed
wrong	incorrect

Chapter 3: High-Frequency Antonyms

Word	Antonym
accept	reject
active	lazy
add	subtract
alive	dead
always	never

Word	Antonym
beautiful	ugly
begin	finish
best	worst
big	small
bitter	sweet
brave	cowardly
bright	dark

Word	Antonym
clean	dirty
clever	foolish
cold	hot
come	go
correct	incorrect

Word	Antonym
dangerous	safe
dark	light
difficult	easy
dirty	clean
down	up

Word	Antonym
early	late
empty	full
enter	exit
expensive	cheap

Word	Antonym
fail	succeed
false	true
fast	slow
fat	thin
few	many
first	last

Word	Antonym
gain	lose
generous	selfish
gentle	rough
good	bad

Word	Antonym
happy	sad
hard	soft
healthy	sick
heavy	light
high	low

Word	Antonym
increase	decrease
inside	outside
intelligent	stupid

K–L

Word	Antonym
kind	cruel
large	small
laugh	cry
long	short
love	hate

M–N

Word	Antonym
modern	ancient
more	less
near	far
noisy	quiet

O–P

Word	Antonym
old	young
open	close
possible	impossible
poor	rich

Q–R

Word	Antonym
quick	slow
rich	poor
right	wrong

Word	Antonym
safe	dangerous
same	different
short	long
simple	complex
strong	weak

T–Z

Word	Antonym
true	false
victory	defeat
wet	dry
wide	narrow
win	lose
young	old

Chapter 4: Frequently Tested Vocabulary

Word	Meaning	Synonym	Antonym
abundant	plentiful	ample	scarce
accurate	correct	precise	inaccurate
benefit	advantage	profit	disadvantage
capable	able	competent	incapable
decline	decrease	reduce	increase
efficient	productive	effective	inefficient
essential	necessary	vital	unnecessary
expand	enlarge	extend	shrink
flexible	adaptable	adjustable	rigid
maintain	keep	preserve	neglect
purchase	buy	acquire	sell
rapid	fast	quick	slow
reliable	dependable	trustworthy	unreliable
significant	important	meaningful	insignificant
sufficient	enough	adequate	insufficient

Chapter 5: Commonly Confused Words

Word	Meaning
affect	to influence (verb)
effect	result (noun)
advice	noun
advise	verb
accept	receive
except	excluding
borrow	take temporarily
lend	give temporarily
lose	fail to keep
loose	not tight
principal	head of a school / main
principle	rule or belief
compliment	praise
complement	complete or enhance
stationary	not moving
stationery	writing materials

Chapter 6: Vocabulary Learning Tips

1. Learn Words in Context

Instead of memorizing isolated words, study them in complete sentences.

Example

She purchased a new laptop yesterday.
(purchase = buy)

2. Group Similar Words

Example

Happy

glad
delighted
cheerful
joyful

Learning related words together makes them easier to remember.

3. Study Opposite Words Together

Example

Word	Opposite
increase	decrease
success	failure
accept	reject
ancient	modern
victory	defeat

4. Review Regularly

Review vocabulary every day using flashcards, vocabulary notebooks, or spaced repetition apps. Frequent revision helps transfer words from short-term to long-term memory.

5. Practice with Real English

Read newspapers, magazines, novels, websites, and academic articles. Notice how vocabulary is used in authentic contexts, and try writing your own example sentences.

Vocabulary Cheat Sheet

Top 20 Synonyms

big → large
begin → start
buy → purchase
help → assist
fast → quick
smart → intelligent
difficult → hard
beautiful → attractive
rich → wealthy
safe → secure
end → finish
tell → inform
show → display
improve → enhance
choose → select
true → correct
mistake → error
happy → glad
strong → powerful
useful → helpful

Top 20 Antonyms

accept ↔ reject
active ↔ lazy
ancient ↔ modern
beautiful ↔ ugly
begin ↔ finish
big ↔ small
clean ↔ dirty
difficult ↔ easy
early ↔ late
empty ↔ full
fail ↔ succeed
fast ↔ slow
happy ↔ sad
increase ↔ decrease
kind ↔ cruel
long ↔ short
open ↔ close
possible ↔ impossible
strong ↔ weak
victory ↔ defeat

Exam Tip: Vocabulary questions in standardized tests often focus on choosing the closest synonym or the correct antonym based on context. When you encounter an unfamiliar word, use context clues—such as surrounding words, prefixes, suffixes, and the overall meaning of the sentence—to infer its meaning before selecting an answer. Building a habit of learning words in context will greatly improve both your comprehension and test performance.

Part 4: Mini Quiz

English Grammar & Vocabulary Practice Test

30 Practice Questions with Detailed Answer Key

This mini quiz is designed to help you review the grammar and vocabulary covered in this book. Read each question carefully before choosing the best answer. At the end of the quiz, check your answers with the explanations to understand the correct grammar rules and vocabulary usage.

Section A: Parts of Speech (Questions 1–5)

1. Which word is a noun?

A. Beautiful

B. Quickly

C. Teacher

D. Run

2. Which sentence contains an adjective?

A. She sings beautifully.

B. He is a clever student.

C. They arrived yesterday.

D. We walked slowly.

3. Which word is a pronoun?

A. Apple

B. They

C. Happy

D. Between

4. Which word is a preposition?

A. Under

B. Quickly

C. Study

D. Happy

5. Which sentence contains an adverb?

A. The book is interesting.

B. She answered politely.

C. The boy is tall.

D. This is my pen.

Section B: Tenses (Questions 6–15)

6. She ______ English every day.

A. study

B. studies

C. studying

D. studied

7. They ______ football now.

A. play

B. played

C. are playing

D. have played

8. I ______ my homework already.

A. finish

B. finished

C. have finished

D. finishing

9. We ______ to Japan last year.

A. go

B. went

C. gone

D. going

10. By next month, she ______ the project.

A. finishes

B. finished

C. will have finished

D. finishing

11. At this time tomorrow, we ______ on the beach.

A. relax

B. relaxed

C. will be relaxing

D. have relaxed

12. Before I arrived, they ______ dinner.

A. eat

B. had eaten

C. eating

D. eats

13. He ______ for two hours before the meeting started.

A. worked

B. had been working

C. works

D. is working

14. Listen! The baby ______.

A. cries

B. cried

C. is crying

D. cry

15. Next year, I ______ here for ten years.

A. work

B. have worked

C. will have been working

D. worked

Section C: Subject–Verb Agreement (Questions 16–20)

16. Everyone ______ welcome.

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. have

17. Tom and Jerry ______ best friends.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. has

18. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ absent.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. has

19. Each student ______ a notebook.

A. have

B. has

C. are

D. were

20. Five dollars ______ enough.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. have

Section D: Connectors (Questions 21–25)

21. I was tired, ______ I finished my work.

A. because

B. but

C. so

D. if

22. She stayed home ______ she was sick.

A. although

B. because

C. however

D. despite

23. It was raining. ______, we continued the game.

A. However

B. Therefore

C. Because

D. So that

24. Study hard ______ you can pass the exam.

A. because

B. so that

C. but

D. although

25. ______ it was cold, we went swimming.

A. Because

B. Although

C. Therefore

D. Since

Section E: Vocabulary (Questions 26–30)

26. Choose the synonym of rapid.

A. Slow

B. Quick

C. Heavy

D. Weak

27. Choose the antonym of ancient.

A. Historic

B. Old

C. Modern

D. Traditional

28. Choose the synonym of purchase.

A. Sell

B. Borrow

C. Buy

D. Rent

29. Choose the antonym of increase.

A. Grow

B. Expand

C. Improve

D. Decrease

30. Choose the synonym of assist.

A. Help

B. Stop

C. Refuse

D. Ignore

Answer Key with Explanations

1. C — Teacher

Explanation: Teacher is a noun because it names a person. The other options are different parts of speech.

2. B — He is a clever student.

Explanation: Clever describes the noun student, so it is an adjective.

3. B — They

Explanation: They is a pronoun that replaces a noun referring to more than one person or thing.

4. A — Under

Explanation: Under is a preposition showing the relationship between objects or locations.

5. B — She answered politely.

Explanation: Politely is an adverb describing how the action answered was performed.

6. B — studies

Explanation: In the Present Simple, a third-person singular subject (she) takes a verb ending in -s/-es.

7. C — are playing

Explanation: The word now indicates the Present Continuous tense.

8. C — have finished

Explanation: The adverb already commonly appears with the Present Perfect to indicate a completed action.

9. B — went

Explanation: Last year signals the Past Simple tense, so the correct past form of go is went.

10. C — will have finished

Explanation: By next month indicates the Future Perfect tense, expressing completion before a future point.

11. C — will be relaxing

Explanation: At this time tomorrow refers to an action that will be in progress in the future.

12. B — had eaten

Explanation: The Past Perfect shows an action completed before another action in the past.

13. B — had been working

Explanation: The Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity before another past event.

14. C — is crying

Explanation: Listen! signals an action happening at the moment of speaking, requiring the Present Continuous.

15. C — will have been working

Explanation: The Future Perfect Continuous expresses the duration of an activity up to a future time.

16. B — is

Explanation: Everyone is an indefinite pronoun and always takes a singular verb.

17. C — are

Explanation: Two subjects connected by and form a plural subject.

18. B — were

Explanation: With Neither...nor, the verb agrees with the nearest subject (students), which is plural.

19. B — has

Explanation: Each is singular and requires a singular verb.

20. C — is

Explanation: Expressions of money, time, distance, or measurement are usually treated as singular when referring to a single amount.

21. B — but

Explanation: But introduces a contrast between being tired and finishing the work.

22. B — because

Explanation: Because introduces the reason for staying home.

23. A — However

Explanation: However shows contrast between the rain and continuing the game.

24. B — so that

Explanation: So that expresses purpose.

25. B — Although

Explanation: Although introduces a concession—going swimming despite the cold weather.

26. B — Quick

Explanation: Rapid and quick are synonyms meaning "fast."

27. C — Modern

Explanation: Modern is the opposite (antonym) of ancient.

28. C — Buy

Explanation: Purchase is a more formal synonym for buy.

29. D — Decrease

Explanation: Decrease is the opposite of increase.

30. A — Help

Explanation: Assist and help have the same meaning and are commonly used as synonyms.

Score Interpretation

Score	Level	Recommendation
27–30	Excellent	Outstanding command of grammar and vocabulary. Continue practicing with advanced reading and writing tasks.
23–26	Very Good	Strong understanding with only a few areas to review. Focus on refining tense usage and connector selection.
18–22	Good	Solid foundation, but review grammar rules, especially tenses and subject–verb agreement, and expand your vocabulary.
12–17	Fair	Revisit the grammar summaries in Parts 1–3 and complete additional practice exercises to strengthen your skills.
0–11	Needs Improvement	Start by mastering the basics—Parts of Speech, the 12 Tenses, Subject–Verb Agreement, and high-frequency vocabulary—before moving on to more advanced topics.

Study Tips for Better Results

Review grammar rules every day for 15–20 minutes.
Learn 10–15 new vocabulary words daily, including their synonyms and antonyms.
Read English articles, stories, or news to see grammar and vocabulary used in context.
Practice writing your own sentences using each grammar rule and new vocabulary item.
Take this quiz again after one week to measure your progress and identify areas that need further review.

Congratulations! By completing this Mini Quiz, you have reviewed the essential grammar and vocabulary skills covered in this guide. Consistent practice and regular revision will steadily improve your English proficiency and increase your confidence in academic and standardized examinations.

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